Public access refers to the availability of information, resources, and services to the general public. In the context of research, public access often refers to providing free or low-cost access to academic journals, articles, and other publications for individuals who may not have institutional access through a university or research institution. This helps to ensure that knowledge and information are more widely accessible and promotes open and transparent communication within the research community. Public access initiatives are often supported by governments, funding agencies, and academic institutions to promote greater equity in the sharing of research findings.